Class 10 Physics Chapter 2 Simple
Machines
Important Questions

Class 10 Simple Machines introduces us to the fascinating world of 'Simple Machines. In this chapter, we will delve into the fundamental principles of simple machines, exploring their mechanics and understanding how they amplify force and motion, paving the way for technological advancements and innovations. There are different types of questions on simple machines based on pulleys, mechanical advantage, wedges etc. These questions can help you prepare for your exams or better understanding of the concepts in the chapter.

Introduction

Machines are fundamental to our everyday lives, and they play a crucial role in various aspects of our world. In the ICSE Class 10 curriculum, you will explore the concept of machines and understand how they make tasks easier, more efficient, and effective. Machines are devices that use mechanical advantage to multiply force, change the direction of force, or transform one type of motion into another. In this study, you'll learn about different types of machines, with a focus on simple machines and their principles. Simple machines are the basic building blocks of more complex machinery. They are often described as the elementary tools that form the foundation of all machines. If you want to understand better please check the class 10 Simple Machines important questions and answers.

What are Simple Machines?

Simple machines are basic mechanical devices that leverage fundamental principles to amplify or redirect force, making tasks easier. These machines are the building blocks of more complex machinery and are categorized into six types: the lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. Each type operates on specific principles; for instance, levers use a pivot point (fulcrum) to amplify force, while pulleys redirect force using ropes and wheels. Simple machines play a crucial role in everyday life, aiding in lifting heavy objects, reducing effort in tasks, or altering the direction of force, showcasing the application of physics in practical scenarios.

Class 10 Simple Machines Important Questions and Answers

Q1. Effort is

Options

(a) exerted on machine
(b) supplied by wind
(c) external agency supplied to the machine
(d) created by the machine

Ans. (c) external agency supplied to the machine

Explanation:
In the context of mechanics and machines, effort is the external force or input used to operate a machine by an external agency, usually a human or a mechanical power source. It is the power or force used to propel a machine to carry out a certain function, such as moving an object or lifting a load. The machine uses this effort to overcome impediments (such as friction, gravity, or other forces) and complete the desired task.

Q2. The relationship to evaluate the velocity ratio is :

Options

(a) velocity of effort / velocity of load
(b) displacement of effort / displacement of load
(c) Mechanical advantage / efficiency
(d)  all of the above

Ans. (d) all of the above
Explanation:
The velocity ratio in a simple machine or mechanical system is a measure of how the velocity of the effort (input) compares to the velocity of the load (output). It is calculated by dividing the velocity of effort by the velocity of the load.

Q3. Give two reasons, why is the efficiency of a single movable pulley system not 100%?

Ans. Two reasons are as follows:

• Frictional Losses: There is some friction inside the pulley as well as between the pulley and the rope or cable. The system's overall efficiency is decreased as a result of the heat generated by this friction.
• Air Resistance: The air resistance that the rope or cable meets when it travels through the air prevents the load from moving as intended. It takes more work to overcome this resistance, which results in energy losses and a drop in efficiency.

Q4. Give an example for each of the following use of a machine:
(i) To change the point of application of the force.
(ii) To obtain gain in force.
(iii) To change the direction of force.

Explanation:
Examples are as follows:
(i) Rotating the wheel of a cycle by applying force on the paddle with the help of a chain.
(ii) Lifting a car with a jack.
(iii) Lifting a bucket full of water from a well using a single fixed pulley.

Q5. The pulley system shown in the figure is to be used to lift a load W. If the man applying the effort cannot apply a force exceeding 1000 N, what is the maximum load that can be lifted? The actual load that the man is finally able to lift turns out to be 2700 N. What are the values of the actual M.A. obtained and the efficiency of the actual setup ?

Explanation:
The load lifted would be maximum when conditions are ideal. Since this setup uses three strands of string, the load gets raised only through 1/3rd of the distance through which the effort moves. Hence,
Velocity ration = \(\dfrac{Distance moved by the effort}{Distance moved by the load}\)
= \(\dfrac{1}{1/3} \)= 3 Under ideal conditions, V.R. = M.A
Hence, Ideal M.A. of the setup = 3.
∴ Maximum load that can be lifted                                          
= Effort × 3 = 1000 N × 3                                          
= 3000 N.Under actual conditions, M.A.
= \(\dfrac{Load}{Effort}\)
=\(\dfrac{2700 N}{1000 N}\)
∴                       Efficiency = \(\dfrac{M. A}{V. R.}\) = \(\dfrac{2.7}{3}\)
= 0.9 = 90%

ICSE Class 10 Physics Chapter wise Important Questions

Conclusion

The study of machines is a fundamental and essential component of understanding how the physical world operates and how we, as humans, can manipulate it to our advantage. Throughout the chapter on machines, we have explored the principles of various simple machines and their role in making tasks more manageable and efficient. For those looking for extra practice and a better grasp of the chapter's concepts, oswal.io provides a wide range of important questions for class 10 icse physics allowing for a more in-depth comprehension of the subject matter

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1 : What is mechanical advantage, and how is it calculated?

Ans : Mechanical advantage is a measure of how much a machine multiplies the force applied. It is calculated by dividing the load force (the force applied to the machine) by the effort force (the force applied to the machine). A mechanical advantage greater than 1 means the machine multiplies the force.

Q2 : How do simple machines make work easier?

Ans: Simple machines make work easier by reducing the amount of effort required to perform a task. They do this by either changing the direction of force, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or multiplying the force.

Q3 : Can you provide examples of simple machines in everyday life?

Ans: Example of Simples Machines used in everyday life are:

• Lever: Seesaw, crowbar
• Pulley: Flagpole pulley, window blinds
• Inclined Plane: Ramp, staircase
• Wedge: Knife, axe
• Screw: Screw in a jar lid, threaded screw
• Wheel and Axle: Bicycle wheel, doorknob

Q4 : How do simple machines apply to more complex machines and technology?

Ans: Complex machines often consist of combinations of simple machines working together. They use the principles of simple machines to perform a wide range of tasks efficiently and precisely. Understanding simple machines is fundamental to understanding and designing complex machinery.

Q5 : What are the practical applications of simple machines in industries and technology?

Ans: Simple machines are used in various industries and technologies, including construction (elevators, cranes), transportation (cars, bikes), manufacturing (conveyor belts), agriculture (tractors), and even in household appliances (doors, faucets).