Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4
Analytical Chemistry
Important Questions

Here, you'll discover significant inquiries pertaining to Chapter 4 : Analytical Chemistry for ICSE Class 10 Chemistry. These inquiries are carefully designed to aid students in preparing for the ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Examination in 2023 – 24. Engaging with different question formats allows students to address uncertainties, improve their exam preparedness, boost their self-assurance, and polish their ability to solve problems.

Introduction

In ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 on Analytical Chemistry, you will learn about the effects of Ammonium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide on salt solutions. This includes examining the colour of the salt and its solution, as well as the formation and colour of hydroxide precipitates for salts such as Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The specific actions of ammonium hydroxide on copper salt solutions and sodium hydroxide on ammonium salt solutions will also be discussed. When adding Sodium Hydroxide drop by drop in excess to solutions of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb salts, the resulting formation and colour of hydroxide precipitates will be emphasised using appropriate chemical equations. Similarly, when adding Ammonium Hydroxide drop by drop in excess to solutions of Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb salts, the resultant formation and colour of hydroxide precipitates will also be highlighted utilising the relevant chemical equations. For more practice, you can explore Oswal .io for analytical chemistry class 10 ICSE important questions and analytical chemistry class 10 ICSE questions and answers.

What is Analytical Chemistry?

In ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 titled "Analytical chemistry" encompasses the division, recognition, and precise measurement of substances. It encompasses both traditional and contemporary approaches that utilise scientific apparatus. Analytical chemistry class 10 ICSE important questions revolve around mastering these fundamental techniques:

• Separation: Involves isolating the specific chemical component from a mixture for analysis.
• Qualitative analysis: Allows for the identification of the substance being analysed.
• Quantitative analysis: Permits the determination of the analyte's concentration within a given mixture.

For a more comprehensive understanding, students often seek Oswal.io for analytical chemistry class 10 ICSE questions and answers to practise and refine their skills in this essential branch of chemistry.

Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 4 Analytical Chemistry Important Questions and Answers

Q1. The hydroxide which is soluble in excess of NaOH is :

Options

(a) Zn(OH)_2
‍(b) Fe(OH)_2
‍(c) Fe(OH)_3
‍(d) Al(OH)₃

Ans. (a) Zn(OH)2  

Explanation:
Zinc hydroxide is soluble in excess of NaOH due to the formation of soluble sodium.

Q2. What is the colour of ppt. formed when sodium hydroxide solution is added to calcium salt ?

Options

(a) Green
(b) White
(c) Brown
(d) Red

Ans. (b) White
Explanation:
When sodium hydroxide is added to calcium salt (Calcium nitrate), a white ppt. of calcium hydroxide is formed which is sparingly soluble in excess of alkali.

Q3. Write a balanced equation for the conversion of Lead from lead oxide.

Explanation:

\(\underset{Lead\space oxide}{3Pbo}+2NH_3\rightarrow \underset{Lead}{3Pb}+3H_2O+N_2\)

Q4. State two relevant observations for each of the following:
(a) Ammonium hydroxide solution is added to copper (II) Nitrate solution in small quantities and then in excess.
(b) Ammonium hydroxide solution is added to zinc nitrate solution in minimum quantities and then in excess.
(c) Lead nitrate crystals are heated in a hard glass test tube.

Explanation:
(a) When ammonium hydroxide solution is added to copper (II) nitrate solution in small quantities, initially a light blue ppt. is formed which on addition of excess of ammonium hydroxide dissolves
and a deep inky blue solution is formed.
(b) Initially a white gelatin-like precipitate of zinc hydroxide is formed which disappears (dissolves) in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(c) When lead nitrate crystals are heated in a hard glass test tube, a reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are evolved and a yellow residue of lead monoxide is left in the glass test tube.

Q5. What do you observe when caustic soda solution is added to the following solution, first a little and then in excess:
(i) FeCl_3
‍(ii) ZnSO₄
(iii) Pb(NO₃)_2
‍(iv) CuSO₄
Write balanced equations for these reactions.

Explanation:
(i) FeCI₃ + 3NaOH ⟶ Fe(OH)₃↓ + 3NaCI
In excess of alkali, the reddish brown ppt, of Fe(OH)₃ remains insoluble
‍
(ii) ZnSO₄ + 2NaOH ⟶ Zn(OH)₂↓ + NaSO_4
‍In excess of alkali, white gelatinous ppt. of Zn(OH)₂ becomes soluble
Zn(OH)₂ + 2NaOH(Excess) ⟶ Na₂ZnO₂ + 2H₂O
‍
(iii) Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NaOH ⟶ Pb(OH)₂↓ + 2NaNO_3
‍In excess of alkali, the white precipitate of Pb(OH)₂ become soluble:
Pb(OH)₂ + 2NaOH(excess) ⟶ Na₂PbO₂ + 2H₂O
‍
(iv) CuSO₄ + 2NaOH ⟶ Cu(OH)₂↓ + 2NaSO_4
‍In excess of alkali, the pale blue precipitate of Cu(OH)₂ is insoluble

ICSE Class 10 Chemistry Chapter wise Important Questions

Conclusion

The study of "Analytical Chemistry" in ICSE Class 10 has provided a solid foundation for understanding the principles and techniques essential in the world of chemical analysis. This chapter has equipped us with valuable knowledge and skills necessary for accurately determining the composition and properties of various substances.We've explored diverse methods of analysis, including volumetric and gravimetric techniques, as well as instruments such as the pH metre and spectrophotometer. For those eager to excel in this essential aspect of chemistry, the journey towards mastery doesn't end with the chapter's conclusion. Additional practice and resources are invaluable in honing your analytical skills. To this end, oswal.io offers a comprehensive collection of questions and study materials tailored to facilitate your learning process.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1 : What are the applications of analytical chemistry?

Ans: Analytical chemistry finds widespread utility in our daily lives. It serves crucial functions in pharmaceutical production, medical diagnosis, forensic investigation, the assessment of soil for optimal mineral and nutrient levels, environmental surveillance, and various research domains.

Q2 : How is analytical chemistry relevant to our daily existence?

Ans:  Analytical chemistry plays a vital part in our daily lives by facilitating the measurement of basic medical parameters such as serum cholesterol, urine ketones, and blood glucose levels. Furthermore, it assists in evaluating the quantities of harmful substances in the body, including uric acid, cholesterol, drugs, and specific salts. Additionally, analytical chemistry contributes significantly to everyday life through activities such as soil and water testing.

Q3 : What are the branches or domains of analytical chemistry?

Ans: Analytical chemistry encompasses four primary domains that hold significant relevance across various scientific fields. These domains include spectroscopy, acid-base methodologies, potentiometry, and chromatography. Analytical chemistry revolves around the resolution of both qualitative and quantitative challenges.

Q4 : What are the fundamental instruments used in analytical chemistry?

Ans:  Analytical chemistry relies on a range of essential tools, which encompass instruments such as mass spectrometers, various types of chromatography (such as GC and HPLC), titrators, spectrometers (including AAS, X-ray, and fluorescence instruments), particle size analyzers, rheometers, elemental analyzers (like salt and CHN analyzers), thermal analyzers, and numerous others.

Q5 : What sets apart qualitative chemistry from quantitative chemistry?

Ans: The distinction between qualitative and quantitative analysis in chemistry lies in their respective focuses. Qualitative analysis assesses the characteristics or properties of a substance, without quantifying its quantity, while quantitative analysis provides precise measurements of the absolute or relative quantities of one or more substances within a sample or compound.